第一章 单元测试

1、单选题：
The fetal kidneys develop from which of the following embryonic structures? （ ）
选项：
A:Intermediate mesoderm
B:Neural tube
C:Lateral mesoderm
D:Paraxial (somite) mesoderm
答案: 【Intermediate mesoderm】

2、单选题：
At what gestational time point does the metanephros development begin? （ ）
选项：
A:3 weeks
B:5 weeks
C:4 weeks
D:2 weeks
答案: 【4 weeks】

3、单选题：
Which one of the following patients does NOT need to be seen emergently? （ ）
选项：
A:A 4-year-old boy with acute right scrotal pain
B:An 8-year-old boy with sickle cell anemia and a 5-hour history of priapism
C:A male newborn with a distended bladder, bilateral hydronephrosis, and respiratory insufficiency
D:A 12-year-old girl with microscopic hematuria found during a routine examination
E:A newborn with hydronephrosis in a solitary kidney
答案: 【A 12-year-old girl with microscopic hematuria found during a routine examination】

4、单选题：
The mature nephron segments arise from which embryonic precursors? （ ）
选项：
A:Metanephros
B:Pronephros
C:Mesonephros
D:A combination of the mesonephros and metanephros
E:Mesonephric duct
答案: 【Metanephros】

5、单选题：
In term infants, which of the following are fully mature? （ ）
选项：
A:Renal sodium regulation
B:Renal growth
C:Tubular maturation
D:Nephrogenesis
E:Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
答案: 【Nephrogenesis】

第二章 单元测试

1、判断题：
Vesicoureteral reflux is divided into primary and secondary types, with secondary vesicoureteral reflux being the most common. （ ）
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【错】

2、判断题：
All children with vesicoureteral reflux will experience febrile urinary tract infections. （ ）
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【错】

3、判断题：
Various anti-reflux surgeries have been performed with the robot and the extravesical approach is the most commonly used. （ ）
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【错】

4、多选题：
The grading of vesicoureteral reflux includes： （ ）
选项：
A:III
B:IV
C:I
D:V
E:II
答案: 【III;
IV;
I;
V;
II】

5、多选题：
What are the surgical methods for vesicoureteral reflux ? （ ）
选项：
A:Politano-Leadbetter technique
B:Cohen technique
C:Lich-Gregoir technique
D:Glenn-Anderson technique
答案: 【Politano-Leadbetter technique;
Cohen technique;
Lich-Gregoir technique;
Glenn-Anderson technique】