第一章 单元测试

1、单选题：
Which statement best describes an intracrine hormone effect? （ ）
选项：
A:The hormone acts within the secreting cell without being released
B:The hormone acts on neighboring non–hormone-secreting cells
C:The hormone travels via circulation to a distant target organ
D:The hormone inhibits hypothalamic release via long-loop feedback
答案: 【The hormone acts within the secreting cell without being released】

2、单选题：
Which hormone primarily signals via intracellular (cytoplasmic/nuclear) receptors? （ ）
选项：
A:Epinephrine
B:TSH
C:Insulin
D:Cortisol
答案: 【Cortisol】

3、单选题：
Which organ–hormone pairing is correct for a nontraditional endocrine organ? （ ）
选项：
A:Gastrointestinal tract — erythropoietin
B:Heart — atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
C:Adipose tissue — gastrin
D:Kidney — leptin
答案: 【Heart — atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)】

4、单选题：
Regarding normal linear growth milestones, which statement is correct? （ ）
选项：
A:Children reach one-half of adult height by 24–30 months
B:Average term birth length is 55 cm
C:Children grow 7–8 cm/year from age 4 to puberty
D:Height velocity accelerates steadily from age 4 until puberty without deceleration
答案: 【Children reach one-half of adult height by 24–30 months】

5、单选题：
In most girls, the earliest detectable secondary sex characteristic on physical exam is: （ ）
选项：
A:Axillary hair
B:Menarche
C:Thelarche (breast/areolar development)
D:Pubarche (pubic hair)
答案: 【Thelarche (breast/areolar development)】

第二章 单元测试

1、单选题：
Why are two different stimuli often used in pediatric GH stimulation testing? （ ）
选项：
A:To increase diagnostic accuracy and reduce false negatives due to variable GH responses
B:To reduce assay costs
C:To shorten total test time
D:To simultaneously measure IGF-1 and IGFBP-3
答案: 【To increase diagnostic accuracy and reduce false negatives due to variable GH responses】

2、单选题：
Sex-steroid priming before GH stimulation testing is recommended for which patients? （ ）
选项：
A:Only adolescents at Tanner stage ≥3
B:Any child with short stature regardless of pubertal status
C:All children under 5 years
D:Prepubertal boys >11 years and girls >10 years
答案: 【Prepubertal boys >11 years and girls >10 years】

3、多选题：
Appropriate indications for pediatric OGTT include which of the following? （ ）
选项：
A:Borderline fasting plasma glucose
B:Evaluation of conditions associated with insulin resistance (e.g., PCOS)
C:It should replace HbA1c in all children
D:Diabetes symptoms with normal fasting glucose
答案: 【Borderline fasting plasma glucose;
Evaluation of conditions associated with insulin resistance (e.g., PCOS);
Diabetes symptoms with normal fasting glucose】

4、单选题：
During a water deprivation test, which safety principle is most appropriate? （ ）
选项：
A:Give desmopressin at the start to shorten the test
B:Continue until severe dehydration to maximize diagnostic yield
C:Terminate the test if the child develops significant symptoms (e.g., marked thirst, lightheadedness) and rehydrate
D:Ignore changes in body weight during the protocol
答案: 【Terminate the test if the child develops significant symptoms (e.g., marked thirst, lightheadedness) and rehydrate】

5、单选题：
The primary role of 24-hour urinary free cortisol (UFC) in children is to: （ ）
选项：
A:Diagnose adrenal insufficiency when low
B:Replace morning serum cortisol measurement entirely
C:Screen for hypercortisolism (Cushing’s syndrome) by measuring free cortisol excreted in urine
D:Monitor response to desmopressin in diabetes insipidus
答案: 【Screen for hypercortisolism (Cushing’s syndrome) by measuring free cortisol excreted in urine】