绪论 单元测试

1、单选题：
Which of the following best reflects the ability of organisms to respond to environmental changes?
选项：
A:Irritability
B:Photosynthesis
C:Cell division
D:Evolution
答案: 【Irritability】

2、单选题：
Which of the following statements about biology is correct?
选项：
A:Biology studies life phenomena and their laws
B:Biology only studies microscopic forms of life
C:Biology does not involve chemistry and physics knowledge
D:Biology only studies plants and animals
答案: 【Biology studies life phenomena and their laws】

3、单选题：
Which of the following is one of the basic characteristics of life?
选项：
A:Can carry out metabolism
B:Can make tools
C:Has language ability
D:Has sociality
答案: 【Can carry out metabolism】

4、单选题：
In the levels of biological research, which of the following belongs to the most macro level?
选项：
A:Organ
B:Biosphere
C:Tissue
D:Cell
答案: 【Biosphere】

第一章 单元测试

1、单选题：
In a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by（ ）.
选项：
A:nonpolar covalent bonds
B:ionic bonds
C:hydrogen bonds
D:polar covalent bonds
答案: 【polar covalent bonds】

2、单选题：
Cohesion, surface tension, and adhesion are the properties of water molecules that（ ）.
选项：
A:increase when pH increases
B:are a result of polar covalent bonding
C:are a result of hydrogen bonding
D:increase when temperature increases
答案: 【are a result of hydrogen bonding】

3、单选题：
Why is a steam burn more severe than a hot water burn?（ ）
选项：
A:Water evaporates and leaves the surface faster and helps in cooling.
B:Steam can penetrate into the skin.
C:Burns caused by liquids are always milder.
D:Steam contains more energy than water.
答案: 【Steam contains more energy than water.】

4、单选题：
Why does ice float in liquid water?（ ）
选项：
A:The crystalline lattice of ice causes it to be denser than liquid water.
B:The high surface tension of liquid water keeps the ice on top.
C:Stable hydrogen bonds keep water molecules of ice farther apart than water molecules of liquid water.
D:The ionic bonds between the molecules in ice prevent the ice from sinking.
答案: 【Stable hydrogen bonds keep water molecules of ice farther apart than water molecules of liquid water.】

5、单选题：
A solution with a pH of 2 has how many more protons in it than a solution with a pH of 4?（ ）
选项：
A:10 times more
B:5 times more
C:100 times more
D:1000 times more
答案: 【100 times more】

6、单选题：
Which of the following is broken when water evaporates?（ ）
选项：
A:nonpolar covalent bonds
B:ionic bonds
C:polar covalent bonds
D:hydrogen bonds
答案: 【hydrogen bonds】

7、单选题：
The complexity and variety of organic molecules is due to（ ）.
选项：
A:the diverse bonding patterns of nitrogen
B:the variety of rare elements in organic molecules
C:the chemical versatility of carbon atoms
D:their interaction with water
答案: 【the chemical versatility of carbon atoms】

8、单选题：
Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water?（ ）
选项：
A:The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages.
B:They exhibit considerable molecular complexity and diversity.
C:They are less dense than water.
D:The majority of their bonds are polar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages.
答案: 【The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages.】

9、单选题：
Which of the functional groups is not reactive but serves as a recognizable tag on the DNA molecule and alter the expression of genes in the cells.（ ）
选项：
A:amino
B:hydroxyl
C:methyl
D:carboxyl
答案: 【methyl】

10、单选题：
A molecule with the chemical formula C6H12O6 is probably a（ ）.
选项：
A:nucleic acid
B:polysaccharide
C:monosaccharide
D:fatty acid
答案: 【monosaccharide】

第二章 单元测试

1、单选题：
One primary advantage of light microscopy over electron microscopy is that（ ）.
选项：
A:light microscopy provides higher contrast than electron microscopy
B:light microscopy provides for higher magnification than electron microscopy
C:light microscopy provides for higher resolution than electron microscopy
D:light microscopy allows the visualization of dynamic processes in living cells
答案: 【light microscopy allows the visualization of dynamic processes in living cells】

2、单选题：
Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?（ ）
选项：
A:Prokaryotic cells have cell walls, while eukaryotic cells do not.
B:Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.
C:Prokaryotic cells are generally larger than eukaryotic cells.
D:Eukaryotic cells have flagella, while prokaryotic cells do not.
答案: 【Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.】

3、单选题：
Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?（ ）
选项：
A:chloroplast
B:mitochondrion
C:centriole
D:central vacuole
答案: 【mitochondrion】

4、单选题：
Examination of a cell by transmission electron microscopy reveals a high density of ribosomes in the cytoplasm. This observation suggests that this cell is actively producing large amounts of which of the following molecules?（ ）
选项：
A:lipids
B:polysaccharides
C:proteins
D:nucleic acids
答案: 【proteins】

5、单选题：
A cell with a predominance of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is likely specialized to（ ）.
选项：
A:import and export large quantities of protein
B:synthesize large quantities of lipids
C:store large quantities of water
D:actively secrete large quantities of protein
答案: 【synthesize large quantities of lipids】

6、单选题：
The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and, therefore, abundant in liver cells?（ ）
选项：
A:nuclear envelope
B:smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C:Golgi apparatus
D:rough endoplasmic reticulum
答案: 【smooth endoplasmic reticulum】

7、单选题：
A cell with a predominance of rough endoplasmic reticulum is most likely（ ）.
选项：
A:producing large quantities of proteins in the cytosol
B:producing large quantities of carbohydrates to assemble an extensive cell wall matrix
C:producing large quantities of proteins for secretion
D:producing large quantities of carbohydrates for storage in the vacuole
答案: 【producing large quantities of proteins for secretion】

8、单选题：
Which of the following is the most common pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?（ ）
选项：
A:rough ER → Golgi → transport vesicle → plasma membrane
B:rough ER → lysosome → transport vesicle → plasma membrane
C:Golgi → rough ER → lysosome → transport vesicle → plasma membrane
D:rough ER → Golgi → transport vesicle → nucleus
答案: 【rough ER → Golgi → transport vesicle → plasma membrane】

9、单选题：
Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?（ ）
选项：
A:Golgi apparatus
B:lysosome
C:chloroplast
D:central vacuole
答案: 【central vacuole】

10、单选题：
Which of the following statements correctly describes osmosis?（ ）
选项：
A:Osmosis only takes place in red blood cells.
B:In osmosis, water moves across a membrane from areas of lower solute concentration to areas of higher solute concentration.
C:Osmosis is an energy-demanding or "active" process.
D:In osmosis, solutes move across a membrane from areas of lower water concentration to areas of higher water concentration.
答案: 【In osmosis, water moves across a membrane from areas of lower solute concentration to areas of higher solute concentration.】