第一章 单元测试

1、单选题：
Which of the following is the most common treatment modality in pediatric nephrology?（ ）
选项：
A:Dialysis and kidney transplantation
B:Coronary artery bypass surgery
C:Chemotherapy and radiation
D:Liver transplantation
答案: 【Dialysis and kidney transplantation】

2、判断题：
Pediatric nephrology is a subspecialty that deals with diagnosing and managing kidney disorders in children.（ ）
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】

3、多选题：
Which of the following are common clinical features of pediatric kidney disease?（ ）
选项：
A:Growth retardation
B:Poor appetite
C:Irritability
D:Visual disturbance
答案: 【Growth retardation;
Poor appetite;
Irritability】

4、单选题：
What is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children?（ ）
选项：
A:Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT)
B:Renal artery stenosis
C:Kidney stones
D:Drug-induced nephropathy
答案: 【Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT)】

5、多选题：
Which factors distinguish pediatric nephrology from adult nephrology?（ ）
选项：
A:Ongoing growth and development in children
B:Genetic causes of certain diseases
C:Need for precise drug dosing
D:Atypical symptom presentation
答案: 【Ongoing growth and development in children;
Genetic causes of certain diseases;
Need for precise drug dosing;
Atypical symptom presentation】

第二章 单元测试

1、单选题：
Which hormone primarily regulates the permeability of the collecting duct to water? （ ）
选项：
A:Aldosterone
B:Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C:Cortisol
D:Renin
答案: 【Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)】

2、单选题：
What is the main function of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)? （ ）
选项：
A:Reabsorption of glucose, ions, and water
B:Excretion of urea
C:Filtration of blood
D:Regulation of sodium reabsorption
答案: 【Reabsorption of glucose, ions, and water】

3、单选题：
Which stage of kidney development serves as the final, permanent kidney in humans? （ ）
选项：
A:Nephrotome
B:Pronephros
C:Metanephros
D:Mesonephros
答案: 【Metanephros】

4、单选题：
What is the most common complication associated with a pelvic kidney? （ ）
选项：
A:Proteinuria
B:High blood pressure
C:Renal failure
D:Urinary tract infection (UTI)
答案: 【Urinary tract infection (UTI)】

5、判断题：
True or False: The mesonephros is the stage where functional kidneys appear for a brief period during fetal development. （ ）
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【对】