第一章 单元测试

1、单选题：
Which scholar argued that strategy is "a pattern in a stream of decisions" and distinguished intended, realized, and emergent strategy? （ ）
选项：
A:Henry Mintzberg
B:Niccolò Machiavelli
C:Adam Smith
D:Michael Porter
答案: 【Henry Mintzberg】

2、单选题：
The strategic management process consists of three interdependent stages that form a continuous cycle. Which sequence is correct? （ ）
选项：
A:Formulation, Implementation, Evaluation and Control
B:Implementation, Formulation, Distribution
C:Budgeting, Marketing, Exit
D:Evaluation, Formulation, Advertising
答案: 【Formulation, Implementation, Evaluation and Control】

3、判断题：
According to Porter, competitive strategy is about being the best across all dimensions so that every customer is satisfied.（ ）
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【错】

4、判断题：
During evaluation and control, a performance gap indicates an execution problem, whereas a planning gap indicates that the strategy itself may need revision.（ ）
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【对】

5、多选题：
A successful strategy rests on five interconnected pillars. Which of the following are among them? （ ）
选项：
A:Making Clear Trade-offs and Choosing What Not to Do
B:A Distinctive Value Chain
C:Maximizing short-term profits above all else
D:Continuity of Strategic Direction
E:A Unique Value Proposition
答案: 【Making Clear Trade-offs and Choosing What Not to Do;
A Distinctive Value Chain;
Continuity of Strategic Direction;
A Unique Value Proposition】

6、多选题：
Southwest Airlines’ historical strategy illustrates strategic fit. Which choices were mutually reinforcing elements of that system? （ ）
选项：
A:No seat assignments to speed up boarding
B:Use of secondary airports with lower fees
C:A single aircraft type for fast turnaround and simpler maintenance
D:Direct competition on lavish in-flight entertainment
E:Premium full-service catering and luxurious lounges
答案: 【No seat assignments to speed up boarding;
Use of secondary airports with lower fees;
A single aircraft type for fast turnaround and simpler maintenance】

第二章 单元测试

1、单选题：
In the four-step external environment analysis process, which activity involves observing changes over time to judge whether a trend is fleeting or a lasting shift? （ ）
选项：
A:Monitoring
B:Forecasting
C:Assessing
D:Scanning
答案: 【Monitoring】

2、单选题：
In internal analysis, a capability that is superior to competitors and central to creating customer value becomes a: （ ）
选项：
A:Core Competency
B:Trade-off
C:Substitute product
D:Tangible resource
答案: 【Core Competency】

3、判断题：
Intangible resources, such as brand reputation and proprietary knowledge, are often more critical than tangible resources because they are harder for rivals to see and copy.（ ）
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【对】

4、判断题：
The "Threat of Substitute Products" refers to rivalry among the existing competitors operating inside the same industry.（ ）
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【错】

5、多选题：
Which of the following are barriers to entry that determine the Threat of New Entrants? （ ）
选项：
A:Economies of scale, as illustrated by Ryanair
B:Strong brand identity
C:High capital requirements
D:Restrictive government policies
E:High buyer concentration among large retail chains
答案: 【Economies of scale, as illustrated by Ryanair;
Strong brand identity;
High capital requirements;
Restrictive government policies】

6、多选题：
Which of the following are widely cited limitations of Porter's Five Forces model in today's dynamic, digital economy? （ ）
选项：
A:It focuses primarily on firm-specific resources rather than industry structure
B:It underplays the role of complements and network effects, such as Apple's iOS and app developers
C:It is designed primarily to evaluate internal process efficiency
D:It can overlook non-market competition and cooperation, such as battles over charging standards and subsidies in new energy vehicles
E:The model is largely static and struggles with rapid, disruptive change such as the AI large-model industry
答案: 【It underplays the role of complements and network effects, such as Apple's iOS and app developers;
It can overlook non-market competition and cooperation, such as battles over charging standards and subsidies in new energy vehicles;
The model is largely static and struggles with rapid, disruptive change such as the AI large-model industry】

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